How does this insulate-gate bipolar transistor chip work in electric cars?

IGBT is used for ac motor output control chip of electric vehicle, railway locomotive and emU.

The IGBT directly controls the conversion of direct and alternating current, determining the torque of the drive system and the maximum power output. So, it's all about acceleration, top speed, energy efficiency.

The IGBT accounts for about half of the cost of the motor drive system and 5% of the total cost of the vehicle, making it the second most expensive component of an electric vehicle (the battery is the first). This is literally the "core technology" in electric vehicles.

Structurally, IGBT has three main development directions:

1, IGBT vertical structure: non transparent collector NPT type, PT type with buffer layer, transparent collector NPT type and FS electric field cut-off type;

2, IGBT gate structure: plane gate mechanism, Trench Trench type structure;

3, silicon wafer processing technology: epitaxial growth technology, zone fused silicon single crystal;

According to the packaging process, IGBT module can be divided into welding type and crimping type. High pressure IGBT modules are generally packaged in standard welding type, while middle and low pressure IGBT modules have many new technologies, such as sintering instead of welding, pressure contact instead of lead bonding crimping type packaging process.

With the continuous development of IGBT chip technology, the highest working junction temperature and power density of the chip are increasing, and IGBT module technology should be adapted to them. In the future, IGBT module technology will be improved from two aspects: "the back of the chip is welded and fixed" and "the front electrode is interconnected".

Main application areas of IGBT

As the mainstream of new power semiconductor devices, IGBT has been widely used in industry, 4C (communication, computer, consumer electronics, automotive electronics), aerospace, national defense and other traditional industrial fields, as well as rail transportation, new energy, smart grid, new energy vehicles and other strategic emerging industries.

1. New energy vehicles

IGBT module plays an important role in electric vehicles and is the core technical component of electric vehicles and charging piles. IGBT module accounts for nearly 10% of the cost of electric vehicles and about 20% of the cost of charging piles. IGBT is mainly applied in the field of electric vehicles in the following aspects:

A) High power DC/AC (DC/AC) inverter of electric control system drives automobile motor;

B) Vehicular air conditioning control system low-power DC/AC (DC/AC) inverter, using IGBT and FRD with low current;

C) The IGBT module in the intelligent charging pile is used as a switching element;

2. Smart grid

IGBT is widely used in smart grid power generation end, transmission end, substation end and power end:

From the perspective of power generation end, the rectifier and inverter in wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation need to use IGBT module.

From the transmission end, FACTS flexible transmission technology in UHV DC transmission requires the use of IGBT and other power devices in large quantities.

IGBT is the key component of power electronic transformer (PET).

From the point of view of power consumption, household white electricity, microwave oven, LED lighting drivers, etc., have a large demand for IGBT.

3. Rail transit

IGBT devices have become the main power electronic devices for traction converters and auxiliary converters of rail transit vehicles. Ac drive technology is one of the core technologies of modern rail transit. In ac drive system, traction converter is the key component, and IGBT is one of the most core components of traction converter.