What Are The Functions Of Substation Equipment?

What are the functions of substation equipment?

1. What are the main components of oil immersed transformers?

Answer: The main components of a transformer include: iron core, winding, oil tank, conservator, respirator, explosion-proof tube, radiator, insulation sleeve, tap changer, gas relay, thermometer, clean oil, etc.

2. What is a fully insulated transformer? What is a semi insulated transformer?

Answer: Semi insulation is the main insulation of the winding near the neutral point of a transformer, and its insulation level is lower than that of the end winding. On the contrary, the insulation level of the head and tail windings of a general transformer is called full insulation.

3. What is the main role of transformers in the power system?

Answer: The role of transformers in the power system is to change voltage to facilitate the transmission of electricity. After being boosted by a step-up transformer, line losses can be reduced, the economy of transmission can be improved, and the goal of long-distance transmission can be achieved. Step-down transformers can convert high voltage into the voltage required by users at all levels, meeting their needs.

4. What are the hazards of casing cracks?

Answer: Cracking the outer shell will reduce the insulation strength, leading to further damage to the insulation until it is completely broken down. When the water in the crack freezes, the casing may also burst. It can be seen that sleeve cracks pose a great threat to the safe operation of transformers.

5. What is the difference between a neutral point and a zero line?

Answer: The common connection point where the head (or tail) of the three-phase winding is connected together is called the neutral point of the power supply. When the neutral point of the power supply is well connected to the grounding device, the neutral point is called the zero point; The wire leading out from the zero point is called the neutral wire.

6. Why are outdoor bus connectors prone to heat generation?

Answer: Outdoor busbars are often eroded by wind, rain, snow, sunlight, and freezing. These can promote accelerated oxidation and corrosion of busbar joints, increase the contact resistance and temperature of the joints.

7. What are the chemical properties of SF6 gas?

Answer: SF6 gas is insoluble in water and transformer oil, and does not react with oxygen, argon, aluminum and other substances at high temperatures. But under the action of arc and corona, SF6 gas will decompose to produce low fluorine compounds, which can cause damage to insulation materials, and these low fluorine compounds are highly toxic gases. The decomposition reaction of SF6 is closely related to moisture, so dehumidification measures should be taken.

8. What is the function of transformer oil?

Answer: When the volume of transformer oil expands or shrinks with the change of oil temperature, the conservator plays the role of oil storage and supplement to ensure that the oil tank is full of oil. Reduce and slow down the rate of oil deterioration. There is also an oil level gauge on the side of the conservator that can monitor changes in the oil level.

9. Why should the iron core of a transformer be grounded?

Answer: The iron core and other accessories of the transformer are in the electric field around the winding during operation. If not grounded, accessories such as iron cores will inevitably induce a certain voltage. Under the action of external voltage, discharge occurs when the induced voltage exceeds the discharge voltage to ground. To avoid internal discharge in the transformer, the iron core should be grounded.

10. Why install a set of zinc oxide lightning arresters between power capacitors and their circuit breakers?

Answer: Installing ZnO lightning arresters can prevent potential overvoltage during the operation of power capacitors, ensuring the safe operation of electrical equipment.

11. What is the difference between the values indicated by the electricity meter and the power meter?

Answer: The electricity meter represents the instantaneous amount of electricity generated, transmitted, and consumed by equipment that generates, supplies, and consumes electricity; The value of an energy meter is the cumulative amount of electrical energy emitted, transmitted, and consumed within a certain period of time.

12. What are the requirements for parallel battery packs for batteries?

Answer: In parallel batteries, the electromotive force of each battery should be equal, otherwise batteries with high electromotive force will discharge batteries with low electromotive force, forming a circulating current inside the battery pack. In addition, the internal resistance of each battery should also be the same, otherwise the discharge current of batteries with low internal resistance will be too high. Batteries with different degrees of old and new should not be used in parallel.

13. What is the function of the central signaling device?

Answer: The central signal is a signal device that monitors the operation of electrical equipment in a substation. It emits sound and light signals based on the fault characteristics of electrical equipment, notifying operators to quickly search, make correct judgments, and handle them, ensuring the safe operation of the equipment.

14. Why is there still electricity in a short period of time when a power cable is cut off and tested with an electric measuring pen?

Answer: A cable is equivalent to a capacitor. After the power outage, there is still residual charge in the circuit and potential difference to ground. If the power is immediately cut off, the test pen will display that the circuit is charged. Therefore, it is necessary to fully discharge it and only install the grounding wire after conducting a power on test when it is not powered on.

15. What is internal overvoltage?

Answer: Internal overvoltage is a transitional process where the system state suddenly changes due to operation, accidents, or other reasons, leading to a transition from one stable state to another. During this process, the system may experience dangerous overvoltage These overvoltages are caused by the oscillation and accumulation of electromagnetic energy in the system, so they are called internal overvoltages.

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